Stem cell research plays an important role in orthopedic regenerative medicine today. Current literature provides us with promising\r\nresults from animal research in the fields of bone, tendon, and cartilage repair. While early clinical results are already published\r\nfor bone and cartilage repair, the data about tendon repair is limited to animal studies. The success of these techniques remains\r\ninconsistent in all three mentioned areas. This may be due to different application techniques varying from simple mesenchymal\r\nstem cell injection up to complex tissue engineering. However, the ideal carrier for the stem cells still remains controversial. This\r\npaper aims to provide a better understanding of current basic research and clinical data concerning stem cell research in bone,\r\ntendon, and cartilage repair. Furthermore, a focus is set on different stem cell application techniques in tendon reconstruction,\r\ncartilage repair, and filling of bone defects.
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